Signs of Perinatal and Postpartum Mood and Anxiety Disorders
Becoming a mother can be a transformative and joyous experience, but it can also bring about a range of emotions and challenges. In addition to physical changes, many women experience a rollercoaster of emotions during the postpartum period. Postpartum mental health is a critical but often overlooked aspect of new motherhood. Did you know that up to 20% of new mothers can experience clinically significant postpartum mental health issues? While some ups and downs are normal, it's essential to pay attention to your mental well-being. In this blog post, we will explore the crucial topic of postpartum mental health, focusing specifically on perinatal mood and anxiety disorders (PMADs). By understanding the signs and seeking support, we can create a nurturing environment that promotes overall well-being for both mothers and their loved ones.
Postpartum mental health refers to the emotional and psychological well-being of individuals after childbirth. It encompasses a range of experiences, from the more common "baby blues" to more severe conditions such as postpartum depression, anxiety, OCD, PTSD and psychosis. It is important to recognize that these conditions can affect any new parent, regardless of gender identity, socioeconomic status, age or whether you are the birthing individual or not. Studies show that one in ten new fathers will experience postpartum depression.
Recognizing Perinatal Mood and Anxiety Disorders:
Perinatal Mood and Anxiety Disorders (PMADs) are a group of mental health conditions that occur during pregnancy or onset within the first year after childbirth. The severity of these conditions can vary, but all of them should be taken seriously. It is essential for new parents, as well as their families and healthcare providers, to recognize the signs and symptoms of PMADs. By doing so, we can ensure early intervention and support. Some common PMADs include:
Postpartum Depression (PPD):
Feelings of sadness, hopelessness, or emptiness that persist beyond the "baby blues" period (a few days to maximum a few weeks) .
Loss of interest in activities once enjoyed.
Difficulty sleeping or sleeping too much
Feelings of guilt or worthlessness
Postpartum Anxiety:
Excessive worry or fear, often focused on the baby's health and safety
Racing thoughts, restlessness, or irritability
Physical symptoms such as rapid heartbeat, nausea, or shortness of breath.
Postpartum OCD:
Intrusive thoughts or repetitive behaviors related to the baby's safety. (intrusive thoughts alone does not always indicate OCD, intrusive thoughts can be common to the perinatal period)
Fear of accidentally harming the baby.
Engaging in excessive cleaning, checking, or counting rituals.
Postpartum PTSD:
Flashbacks, nightmares, or intrusive thoughts related to a traumatic childbirth experience.
Avoidance of reminders of the traumatic event.
Heightened anxiety and hypervigilance.
Postpartum Psychosis:
Extreme confusion, hallucinations (seeing or hearing things that aren’t there/base din reality) or delusions (beliefs that aren’t true or based in reality)
Rapid mood swings or agitation.
Disorganized thoughts or behavior.
IMPORTANT: these symptoms/psychosis requires immediate medical/psychiatric intervention. If you or a loved one are experiencing these, go to your nearest emergency room.
The journey towards mental well-being during the postpartum period requires a supportive environment. Here are some ways to create that:
Prioritize Self-Care: Although it may seem like your focus is solely on the baby, taking care of yourself is equally important. Take time for yourself, even if it's just a few minutes each day. Engage in relaxing activities that rejuvenate your mind and body, such as gentle movement, getting sleep when you can (I know easier said than done), nourishing yourself, journaling, or meditation.
Seek Social Support: New motherhood can be incredibly isolating. It's essential to connect with other moms, friends, family members, or support groups that can provide a safe space to talk and share your experiences. Talking with others can make a huge difference and provide comfort and validation. You may also find comfort in joining online support groups or postpartum-focused forums.
Communicate with Your Partner: Openly discuss your feelings and concerns with your partner. Involve them in your emotional journey, enabling them to better support you.
Acknowledge Your Feelings: It's easy to get lost in the excitement and stress of motherhood. Still, it's essential to take a deep breath and acknowledge the complicated emotions that come with it. You may find yourself feeling anxious, sad, or overwhelmed. You may also grieve your life before your baby came into your life and that is okay!
Educate Yourself and Loved Ones: Learn about postpartum mental health and share that knowledge with your partner, family, and friends. This increases awareness and reduces stigma surrounding PMADs. There are some resources listed at the end of this article that provide educational information.
Professional Help: If you suspect you may be experiencing a PMAD or are struggling with your mental well-being, don't hesitate to seek professional help. Let your OBGYN know at your 6-week follow up appointment and answer any screening questionnaires as honestly as possible. Look for a mental health professional who specializes in perinatal mental health and has experience and training in what you are struggling with.
Supporting a Loved One:
If you suspect that someone you care about may be experiencing stress during this vulnerable time whether it is baby blues to a possible PMAD, it's essential to approach the situation delicately and supportively:
Show Empathy: Demonstrate understanding and compassion without judgment by validating their experience. Create a safe space for them to express their emotions. Don’t be afraid to check-in and broach the topic of mental health even if they “seem fine”.
Encourage Communication: Encourage your loved one to talk about their feelings, thoughts, and concerns. Assure them that it's okay to seek help.
Offer Practical Support: Provide practical assistance in tasks such as caring for the baby, cooking meals, cleaning the house, or running errands. This can alleviate some of the stress they may be experiencing. It may be challenging for some individuals to ask for or accept help so doing what you can to lighten their load without them having to ask, that go a long way.
Learn Together: Educate yourself about PMADs so that you can better understand and support your loved one. Attend support groups or therapy sessions together.
The postpartum period is a time of immense change and adjustment. While it can bring great joy, it is crucial to prioritize mental well-being and be aware of the signs of perinatal mood and anxiety disorders. Remember, seeking help is not a sign of weakness but a vital step towards healing and recovery. By creating a supportive environment and fostering open communication, we can ensure that new parents receive the care and understanding they deserve.
If you're experiencing any of the signs and symptoms mentioned above, know that you're not alone, and there is help available. Don’t hesitate to reach out for individual therapy. Therapy for pregnancy and postpartum can provide you with the education, tools, and support to feel like yourself again. As a Perinatal Mental Health Certified Therapist, I specialize in supporting women struggling with pregnancy and postpartum anxiety and depression. Reach out to schedule your free consultation call today!
Other Resources:
Postpartum Support International: https://www.postpartum.net/
Free Support Groups: https://www.postpartum.net/get-help/psi-online-support-meetings/
Perinatal Provider Directory: https://psidirectory.com/
National Suicide Prevention Lifeline: 1-800-273-TALK (1-800-273-8255)